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Secondary treatment is a crucial phase in wastewater treatment, using biological processes to effectively remove dissolved organic matter. By utilizing microbial metabolism, organic pollutants are degraded into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water, ensuring that treated wastewater meets environmental standards. This stage is vital for water quality improvement, environmental protection, and sustainable water resource utilization.
Position and Importance in Wastewater Treatment
In the overall wastewater treatment process, secondary treatment lies between primary and tertiary treatments. Primary treatment primarily removes suspended solids and large particulate pollutants, while secondary treatment further degrades dissolved organic matter, making it the core step in enhancing water quality. Secondary treatment significantly reduces biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater, providing a solid foundation for tertiary treatment to remove remaining pollutants. In this system, almost of the pollutes are removed and it can even achieve the discharge standard or reclaimed standard.
AO (Anaerobic-Oxic Process) System
The AO process alternates between anaerobic and aerobic environments to treat wastewater, effectively removing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. In the anaerobic zone, organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms into smaller molecules; in the aerobic zone, ammonia nitrogen is nitrified into nitrate and nitrite.
AAO (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic Process) System
The AAO process adds an anoxic stage to the AO process, effectively removing organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen. In the anoxic stage, denitrification reduces nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen gas, further enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency.
MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) System
Membrane Bioreactor is an efficient treatment process that combines membrane separation technology with biological treatment. Membrane modules separate activated sludge from treated water, ensuring excellent effluent quality, suitable for high-standard wastewater treatment requirements.
MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) System
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor enhances treatment efficiency by adding carriers in the reactor where microorganisms attach and form biofilms. MBBR combines the advantages of activated sludge and biofilm processes, suitable for high-load wastewater treatment.
Organic Pollutants
Including dissolved organic matter and some suspended organic matter.
Ammonia Nitrogen
Converted to harmless nitrogen gas through nitrification and denitrification.
Suspended Solids
Partially removed through microbial metabolism and sedimentation.
Pathogenic Microorganisms
Reduced through biological degradation and adsorption.